Country guide · 63
How do public tenders work? Guides per country
Per country and per international organisation (UN, NATO, EU institutions, development banks): the rules, where tenders are published, which platforms you need, the thresholds, the documents and the deadlines. From official sources, with the platforms from our market map.
Tender software market mapEurope
- AlbaniaAlbania is an EU candidate country, not an EU member, so its tenders are not on TED. All public procurement under Law No. 162/2020 runs through the electronic procurement system of the Public Procurement Agency (APP, app.gov.al), where notices, tender documents and bids are handled. Complaints go to the contracting authority and the Public Procurement Commission (KPP) at the same time.Read the guide
- AustriaAustrian public procurement follows the Bundesvergabegesetz 2018, which implements the EU directives and applies to federal, state and municipal buyers alike. Notices are published as open data and on TED above the EU thresholds, while the procedures run on e-procurement platforms such as ANKÖ vergabeportal.at, vemap and ProVia. Bids are in German, and the Vergaberechtsgesetz 2026 made the higher national value limits for direct awards permanent.Read the guide
- BelgiumBelgian public procurement follows the Public Procurement Act of 17 June 2016 and its royal decrees, which implement the EU directives. Federal, regional, community and local authorities publish their contracts (overheidsopdrachten / marchés publics) on the free federal e-Procurement platform, and EU-value tenders also on TED. Bids are submitted electronically, in the language of the tender documents: Dutch, French or German depending on the region.Read the guide
- Bosnia & HerzegovinaPublic procurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina follows one state-level law that applies to institutions of the state, both entities (Federation of BiH and Republika Srpska), Brčko District, cantons and municipalities. Notices and tender documents are published on the national e-Nabavke portal (ejn.gov.ba); as an EU candidate country, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not publish on TED. Bids are written in one of the official languages of BiH.Read the guide
- BulgariaBulgarian public procurement follows the EU directives through the Public Procurement Act (Закон за обществените поръчки, ZOP), supervised by the Public Procurement Agency (AOP). All procedures run electronically on the national platform CAIS EOP (ЦАИС ЕОП), and contracts above EU thresholds also appear in TED. Since Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 January 2026, new procedures are run in euro; bidders need a qualified electronic signature and must normally tender in Bulgarian.Read the guide
- CroatiaCroatian public procurement follows the EU directives through the Zakon o javnoj nabavi (ZJN 2016), most recently amended in 2026. All notices are published and tenders submitted electronically in EOJN RH, the national e-procurement system at eojn.hr, with contracts above EU thresholds also appearing in TED. Bidders need a free EOJN RH account, an ESPD and, unless the documents say otherwise, a tender in Croatian.Read the guide
- CyprusCyprus buys through ministries and government departments, municipalities, semi-government organisations and public utilities under Law 73(I)/2016. Practically all tenders are published and submitted on the national Cyprus eProcurement System (eprocurement.gov.cy), with larger ones also on TED and below-threshold ones in the Official Gazette. Tender documents are usually in Greek, and challenges go to the Tender Review Authority within 15 days.Read the guide
- CzechiaCzech public procurement is governed by Act No. 134/2016 Coll. on public procurement (ZZVZ), which implements the EU directives. Notices appear in the national bulletin Věstník veřejných zakázek and, above EU thresholds, on TED, while bids are submitted electronically through NEN or certified commercial tools such as Tender arena, eGORDION, E-ZAK and PROEBIZ. Expect Czech-language documents, electronic signatures and short objection deadlines.Read the guide
- DenmarkDanish public buyers, including the state, five regions, 98 municipalities and public companies, tender under the Public Procurement Act (udbudsloven), which implements the EU directives. EU tenders appear on TED and are shown on udbud.dk, while documents and bids usually run through commercial e-tendering platforms such as Mercell (ETHICS) or Comdia. Works below the EU threshold follow the separate Tender Act (tilbudsloven).Read the guide
- EstoniaEstonian public buyers, including ministries, agencies, municipalities and state companies, run almost all procurements end to end in the state e-Procurement Register (riigihangete register), from notice to tender submission. EU-level tenders also appear on TED. From 1 November 2026 a simplified system applies below the EU thresholds, with higher national limits and one main national procedure, the simplified procurement (lihthange).Read the guide
- FinlandFinnish public buyers, including state agencies, municipalities, the wellbeing services counties and public companies, must announce every contract above the national thresholds in Hilma, the free national notice service, and above the EU thresholds also on TED. The Procurement Act (hankintalaki) was amended in 2026, with changes phased in from June 2026. Most tenders are submitted electronically in Finnish or Swedish through platforms such as Mercell's Tarjouspalvelu or Cloudia.Read the guide
- FranceFrance buys through central government, regions, departments and municipalities and public bodies such as hospitals, under the Code de la commande publique. Notices from € 90.000 (works from € 100.000) appear in BOAMP or a legal announcements journal, larger contracts also on TED, and bids are submitted electronically on the buyer's own 'profil d'acheteur' platform. Bids must be in French.Read the guide
- GermanyGermany has the largest public procurement market in the EU, split between the federal government, 16 Länder and thousands of municipalities. EU-value tenders follow Part 4 of the GWB and the VgV and appear on TED, while smaller tenders follow the UVgO, VOB/A and state law. Notices are spread over many federal, state and commercial e-procurement platforms, and bids are submitted electronically in German.Read the guide
- GreeceGreece buys through ministries, regions, municipalities, hospitals and public companies under Law 4412/2016. Every notice and contract is registered in the central registry ΚΗΜΔΗΣ, larger tenders also appear on TED, and procedures above € 30.000 run electronically on the national ESIDIS system (Promitheus for supplies and services, a separate subsystem for public works). Bids are in Greek and signed with a qualified electronic signature, and appeals go first to the Hellenic Single Public Procurement Authority (ΕΑΔΗΣΥ).Read the guide
- HungaryHungarian ministries, municipalities, state-owned companies and central purchasing bodies buy under the Public Procurement Act (Kbt.), which transposes the EU directives. Every procedure is announced and run electronically in the EKR (ekr.gov.hu), and contracts above the EU thresholds also appear on TED. Bidders must register in EKR and normally submit in Hungarian.Read the guide
- IcelandIceland is an EEA member and applies the EU procurement directives through the Public Procurement Act no. 120/2016. Contracts above the national thresholds must be advertised on the national tender portal Útboðsvefur, and above the EEA thresholds also on TED. Central government buys through Fjársýslan, which runs tenders in the TendSign system, while Reykjavík and large state companies such as Landsvirkjun and RARIK often use their own systems.Read the guide
- IrelandIrish public bodies advertise their tenders on eTenders, the free national platform run by the Office of Government Procurement, and above EU thresholds also in the EU's Tenders Electronic Daily (TED). Below EU level, Circular 05/2023 requires advertising on eTenders from €50,000 for supplies and services and €200,000 for works. Winning bidders, including foreign ones, need an Irish tax clearance certificate.Read the guide
- ItalyItaly buys through central government, regions, municipalities, health authorities and public companies under the Codice dei contratti pubblici (D.Lgs. 36/2023). Since 2024 the whole procurement cycle is digital: notices are published through ANAC's national database (BDNCP) and on TED above the EU thresholds, and bids are submitted on certified e-procurement platforms such as Consip's Acquisti in Rete, regional systems and commercial platforms. Bids are in Italian and signed with a qualified digital signature.Read the guide
- KosovoIn Kosovo, ministries, municipalities, public enterprises and other contracting authorities buy under the Law on Public Procurement (No. 04/L-042, as amended). Notices are published on the national e-procurement portal e-Prokurimi, run by the regulator KRPP; Kosovo is not in the EU, so tenders do not appear on TED. Bidders must register on e-Prokurimi, and contracts are paid in euro.Read the guide
- LatviaLatvian public buyers, including ministries, agencies, municipalities and state companies, publish procurement notices through the Procurement Monitoring Bureau (IUB) and run almost all tenders electronically in the state Electronic Procurement System (EIS). EU-level tenders also appear on TED. Amendments in force since 9 June 2026 simplify procedures and will raise national thresholds substantially from 1 January 2028.Read the guide
- LiechtensteinLiechtenstein is a small EEA country, so its procurement law follows the EU directives through the EEA Agreement, while its currency is the Swiss franc. The national government, the 11 municipalities and public bodies publish all tenders, above and below the thresholds, in German in the official eAmtsblatt, and EEA-value tenders also on TED. Many contracts are small, and direct awards are allowed up to CHF 100,000.Read the guide
- LithuaniaLithuanian public buyers, including ministries, agencies, municipalities and state and municipal companies, run nearly all procurements in CVP IS, the state Central Public Procurement Information System, which handles notices, documents and tenders. EU-level tenders also appear on TED. Supervision lies with the Public Procurement Office (VPT), and disputes start with a claim to the buyer before going to court.Read the guide
- LuxembourgLuxembourg's public procurement is governed by the Act of 8 April 2018, which implements the EU directives and also sets national rules for smaller contracts. The State, the communes, public establishments and utilities publish tenders on the national Portail des marchés publics, and EU-value tenders also on TED. Electronic submission is mandatory above the EU thresholds and requires a qualified electronic signature.Read the guide
- MaltaMalta's public procurement is centralised: the Department of Contracts runs larger tenders for government, while ministries, entities and local councils handle smaller 'departmental' tenders themselves. Almost all calls are published and submitted on the national platform etenders.gov.mt, with larger ones also on TED. Tenders are in English, and objections go to the Public Contracts Review Board within ten calendar days.Read the guide
- MontenegroMontenegro is an EU candidate country that uses the euro, and its public buyers publish and run tenders on the national electronic system CeJN rather than on TED. Procurement follows the Law on Public Procurement (Zakon o javnim nabavkama, 2019, amended in 2023 and 2026), and bidders must register on CeJN before they can take part.Read the guide
- NetherlandsDutch public procurement is governed by the Aanbestedingswet 2012, which implements the EU directives. Ministries, municipalities, provinces, water boards and public utilities publish their tenders on TenderNed, and EU-value tenders also appear on TED. Bidders usually submit electronically, often through TenderNed or a commercial platform such as Mercell, in Dutch.Read the guide
- North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia is an EU candidate country whose Law on Public Procurement (Закон за јавните набавки, 2019) is largely aligned with the EU directives. Almost every notice, tender document and bid goes through the national e-procurement system ESJN (e-nabavki.gov.mk). Bidders work in Macedonian and must watch short appeal deadlines and the Bureau's negative-reference list.Read the guide
- NorwayNorway is not in the EU, but as an EEA member it applies the EU procurement directives through the Public Procurement Act and its regulations. State agencies, municipalities, counties and health trusts announce contracts above the national threshold in Doffin, and above the EEA thresholds also on TED. Since 1 July 2026 the rules only apply to purchases of NOK 500 000 or more, and most tenders are run in Norwegian through e-tendering platforms such as Mercell.Read the guide
- PolandThousands of Polish public bodies, from ministries to municipalities and hospitals, buy under the Public Procurement Law (Prawo zamówień publicznych, Pzp). National notices appear in the Biuletyn Zamówień Publicznych on e-Zamówienia, EU-value notices also on TED, and tenders are submitted electronically, usually in Polish.Read the guide
- PortugalPortugal buys through central government, the autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira, municipalities and public companies under the Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP), which was substantially revised from 1 October 2026. Public tenders are announced in the Diário da República (and on TED above the EU thresholds) and run on licensed private e-procurement platforms, mainly VORTAL, acinGov and anoGov. Bids are in Portuguese and signed with a qualified electronic signature.Read the guide
- RomaniaRomanian public procurement follows the EU directives through Legea nr. 98/2016 and related laws, with ANAP setting policy and almost every procedure running through the national system SEAP / SICAP (e-licitatie.ro). Contracts above EU thresholds are also published on TED, which listed 14,684 Romanian contract notices in 2025. Bidders need a SEAP account and a qualified electronic signature, and should expect documentation in Romanian.Read the guide
- SerbiaPublic procurement in Serbia is governed by the Public Procurement Law (Zakon o javnim nabavkama, 2019, amended 2023), which is aligned with the EU directives as part of Serbia's EU accession process. All notices are published, and all tenders are submitted, electronically on the free national Public Procurement Portal (Portal javnih nabavki); Serbia does not publish on TED. Tenders are in principle submitted in Serbian.Read the guide
- SlovakiaPublic procurement in Slovakia is governed by Act No. 343/2015 Coll. and supervised by the Public Procurement Office (Úrad pre verejné obstarávanie, ÚVO), which also decides on objections. Contracts above EU thresholds appear on TED and in ÚVO's Vestník, while below-threshold contracts from €50,000 run through the state electronic platform (IS EVO and the EKS marketplace). Bids are normally submitted electronically in Slovak, with Czech also accepted.Read the guide
- SloveniaSlovenian public procurement follows the EU directives through the Public Procurement Act ZJN-3, and in 2025 contracting authorities awarded contracts worth almost 11 billion euros. Notices are published on the Portal javnih naročil (enarocanje.si) and, above EU thresholds, also on TED, while tenders are submitted electronically through e-JN. Bidders should register in e-JN in good time and expect a procedure conducted in Slovene.Read the guide
- SpainSpain buys through central government, 17 autonomous communities and thousands of municipalities, all under Ley 9/2017 (LCSP). Notices are published on each buyer's 'perfil de contratante', which for state bodies is hosted on the national Plataforma de Contratación del Sector Público (PLACSP), while several regions run their own platforms. Bids are submitted electronically, usually with an electronic signature, and in Spanish.Read the guide
- SwedenSwedish public buyers (state agencies, 290 municipalities, 21 regions and their companies) follow LOU, which implements the EU directives and also regulates contracts below the EU thresholds. There is no single state portal: every notice is published in one of the registered advertising databases, such as Mercell/TendSign, e-Avrop or KommersAnnons, and above the EU thresholds also on TED. Tenders are normally written and submitted in Swedish through the buyer's e-tendering system.Read the guide
- SwitzerlandSwitzerland is not in the EU, so its procurement follows the WTO Government Procurement Agreement, the bilateral agreement with the EU, the federal BöB for the Confederation and the intercantonal IVöB 2019 for cantons and communes. All open and selective tenders of the Confederation and the cantons are published on simap.ch, not on TED. Thresholds are in Swiss francs, and bids may be in the official languages accepted by the buyer.Read the guide
- UkraineUkrainian public buyers, from ministries and municipalities to state-owned and utility companies, publish their tenders in Prozorro, the central electronic procurement system, which bidders access through accredited e-marketplaces. Ukraine is not an EU member, so tenders do not appear in TED. During martial law most procurement follows the Peculiarities of Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 1178 on top of Law No. 922-VIII.Read the guide
- United KingdomSince 24 February 2025 the Procurement Act 2023 governs public procurement in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, with notices published on the Find a Tender service (the Central Digital Platform). Scotland keeps its own regime and portal, Public Contracts Scotland. Suppliers register for free on the Central Digital Platform to get a unique identifier and share their core supplier information with buyers.Read the guide
North America
- CanadaFederal departments in Canada publish their tenders on CanadaBuys, where suppliers register and often bid electronically through SAP Ariba. Provinces, territories, municipalities and the wider public sector follow their own rules and portals, such as SEAO in Quebec, BC Bid and the Ontario Tenders Portal. Since December 2025 the Buy Canadian Policy gives preference to Canadian suppliers in certain large federal contracts.Read the guide
- United StatesUS federal agencies buy under the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and publish opportunities above $25,000 on SAM.gov, where suppliers must also register for free to receive an award. State and local governments run their own procurement under separate state laws and portals, so rules differ per state. Federal contract obligations were about $755 billion in fiscal year 2024 according to GAO.Read the guide
Australia and New Zealand
- AustraliaAustralia has no single national procurement law: federal (Commonwealth) agencies buy under the Commonwealth Procurement Rules and publish on AusTender, while each state and territory has its own rules and its own tender portal. Above the CPR thresholds an open tender with at least 25 days to respond is the norm, and contracts go to the bid offering the best value for money. Australia is not in the EU, so TED and EU thresholds do not apply.Read the guide
- New ZealandNew Zealand central government agencies buy under the Government Procurement Rules (5th edition, in force since 1 December 2025), set by New Zealand Government Procurement within MBIE. Contracts from NZD 100,000 for goods and services and NZD 9 million for new construction works must be advertised on GETS, which is free after registering with RealMe. Bids above those thresholds are scored for economic benefit to New Zealand with at least a 10% weighting.Read the guide
Middle East and Türkiye
- BahrainIn Bahrain, the Tender Board supervises government purchasing under Legislative Decree No. 36 of 2002, and tenders are issued, submitted and opened online through its eTendering System. Local tenders are limited to companies registered in Bahrain, while international tenders are open to unregistered foreign firms, which must register within 30 days of an award. SMEs with a classification certificate from the Ministry of Industry and Commerce get a 10% advantage.Read the guide
- EgyptPublic contracts in Egypt are governed by Law No. 182 of 2018 and its 2019 Executive Regulations, and almost all tenders must be published on the Public Procurement Portal run by the General Authority for Government Services. Suppliers must be registered on the portal before an entity can contract with them. Foreign companies can take part in public tenders, but bids are in Arabic unless stated otherwise, and Egyptian products and services enjoy a 15% price preference.Read the guide
- IsraelPublic bodies in Israel must buy through tenders under the Mandatory Tenders Law 5752-1992 and its 1993 regulations; central government tenders are run by the Government Procurement Administration of the Ministry of Finance and published on mr.gov.il. Foreign companies can bid, but many tenders require an Israeli-registered entity, Israeli-made goods can receive a price preference, and foreign winners of large international tenders must sign an industrial cooperation (offset) commitment.Read the guide
- JordanPublic procurement in Jordan is governed by the Government Procurement Bylaw No. 8 of 2022, with the Government Procurement Department buying supplies and services centrally and the Government Tenders Department handling works. Tenders are published and increasingly run on JONEPS, the national e-procurement system. Local tenders are reserved for Jordanian bidders, international tenders are open to foreign companies, and locally manufactured products receive a 20% price preference.Read the guide
- KuwaitKuwait's ministries and public bodies buy through the Central Agency for Public Tenders (CAPT) under Law No. 49 of 2016 on Public Tenders, and tenders are announced in the official gazette Kuwait Al-Youm and on CAPT's website. Bidders register with CAPT, national products get a 15% price preference, and foreign contractors must buy and subcontract at least 30% locally. Law No. 94 of 2026, in force from late December 2026, raises the direct contracting limit and bans the use of local agents in public contracting.Read the guide
- LebanonLebanon's Public Procurement Law No. 244 of 2021 created a single framework for all public purchases, an independent Public Procurement Authority and an Objections Authority for complaints. Every procurement must be announced on the Authority's central electronic platform, normally at least 21 days before the bid deadline. Foreign companies may bid, with Arabic as the main language, a preference margin of up to 10% that may be granted for national goods and services, and, under Article 7, a certificate from the Ministry of Economy and Trade on the application of Lebanon's boycott law concerning Israel for foreign companies.Read the guide
- OmanOmani ministries and government units buy under the Tender Law of 2008, with large tenders handled by the Tender Board and published on the Esnad e-tendering portal, in newspapers in Arabic and English and, above OMR 500,000, in the Official Gazette. Suppliers, contractors and consultants register and are graded with the Tender Board, and contracts above OMR 500,000 carry mandatory local content requirements. The standard bid period is 40 days.Read the guide
- QatarQatari ministries, government bodies and public institutions buy under Law No. 24 of 2015 Regulating Tenders and Auctions and announce their tenders on Monaqasat, the Ministry of Finance's unified state procurement website. Bidders normally need a classification certificate from the Ministry of Finance, bids are in Arabic unless the committee accepts another language, and the public tender period is at least 15 working days. Foreign contractors must source at least 30% of the contract value locally.Read the guide
- Saudi ArabiaSaudi ministries and public bodies publish their tenders on Etimad, the Ministry of Finance's unified procurement portal, under the Government Tenders and Procurement Law. The 2019 law still applies today; a new law (Royal Decree No. M/76) was published on 4 September 2026 and replaces it 120 days after publication, in early January 2027. Bidders need a Saudi licence and registration, and local content rules and the regional headquarters rule strongly shape who can win.Read the guide
- TürkiyePublic procurement in Turkey is governed by Public Procurement Law No. 4734 and supervised by the Public Procurement Authority (Kamu İhale Kurumu, KİK). Tenders are published in the Public Procurement Bulletin on the EKAP platform, where bidders must register and submit e-tenders with an electronic signature. Foreign companies may bid, but contracting authorities can restrict below-threshold tenders to domestic bidders and apply a price advantage of up to 15% for Turkish bidders and domestic goods.Read the guide
- United Arab EmiratesPublic procurement in the UAE is split between the federal government and the individual emirates, each with its own rules and portal. Federal tenders run on the Ministry of Finance's Digital Procurement Platform, Abu Dhabi uses the Abu Dhabi Government Procurement Gate (ADGPG) and Dubai uses eSupply. You must be a registered and accepted supplier before you can bid, and an In-Country Value (ICV) certificate often affects your score.Read the guide
International organisations
- African Development BankMost money that the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) spends reaches companies through contracts awarded by borrowing governments and agencies in projects the Bank finances, under the Procurement Policy for Bank Group Funded Operations. The Bank also buys for its own offices under a separate Presidential Directive. Project notices and awards appear on afdb.org; corporate tenders run through the Bank's own corporate procurement pages and SAP e-procurement portal.Read the guide
- Asian Development BankMost ADB money is spent by borrowers: governments and agencies in Asia and the Pacific buy goods, works and services for ADB-financed projects under the ADB Procurement Policy and the Procurement Directive for ADB Borrowers, effective 1 January 2026. ADB also hires consultants for projects it administers through its Consultant Management System, and buys for its own headquarters and field offices through institutional procurement. Since 2026, internationally advertised contracts for goods, works and nonconsulting services are evaluated with merit point criteria.Read the guide
- EBRDIn EBRD-financed projects the client, usually a public utility, municipality or state company, runs the tender under the EBRD Procurement Policies and Rules and mostly publishes it on the free ECEPP portal, while the Bank gives no-objections and handles complaints. The EBRD's own purchases for its offices and consultancy follow its Corporate Procurement Policy and run through SMART by GEP.Read the guide
- EIBThe European Investment Bank buys in two ways. Most of the money flows through projects it finances: the borrower or promoter runs the tender under the Guide to Procurement for projects financed by the EIB, and inside the EU simply follows EU procurement law. Separately, the EIB buys services, supplies and works for itself under its Corporate & Technical Assistance Procurement Guide, which is based on Directive 2014/24/EU. Notices appear on the EIB procurement pages and in the Official Journal of the EU (TED).Read the guide
- EU institutionsThe EU institutions buy goods, services and works under the Financial Regulation, Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509. Calls above EUR 140,000 for supplies and services or EUR 5,404,000 for works appear in the Official Journal and on TED, with documents and electronic submission on the EU Funding & Tenders Portal. Bidders need an EU Login account and a PIC.Read the guide
- Inter-American Development BankMost business with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) comes from contracts that borrowing governments in Latin America and the Caribbean award in IDB-financed projects, under policies GN-2349-15 for goods, works and non-consulting services and GN-2350-15 for consultants. The IDB also buys for itself under its Corporate Procurement Policy, and IDB Invest buys for its own needs while its private clients use their own procedures. A modernized framework is in public consultation until 31 October 2026.Read the guide
- NATONATO does not buy through one office. Common-funded contracts, including the NATO Security Investment Programme (NSIP), follow the Procurement Policy for NATO Common Funding of July 2025 and are let by NATO agencies such as NCIA, by NATO HQ or by host nations. NSPA also buys on behalf of nations under its own NSPO Procurement Regulations. Only companies from participating NATO nations may bid, usually after national nomination through a Declaration of Eligibility or registration in the NSPA Source File.Read the guide
- United NationsThere is no single UN procurement law. The UN Secretariat buys under the UN Financial Regulations and Rules and the United Nations Procurement Manual, while funds, programmes and agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF, UNOPS and WFP apply their own rules. Almost all of them register suppliers and publish tenders on the United Nations Global Marketplace (UNGM), where registration is free, and bids are usually submitted electronically in English.Read the guide
- World BankMost World Bank business is not bought by the Bank itself: in Investment Project Financing the borrowing government or its implementing agency runs the tender under the Bank's Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers, and the Bank publishes notices and reviews key steps. Separately, the World Bank Group buys goods and services for its own offices through Corporate Procurement, which requires supplier registration.Read the guide
